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Our blog articles are written and reviewed by experienced clinicians at London Psychiatry Clinic, including consultant psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists. Every post is grounded in current research and clinical expertise to ensure that the information you read is accurate, relevant, and trustworthy. 

ADHD Medication For Kids & Teens: All You Need To Know

Are you feeling unsure about ADHD medication for your child or teenager? Many parents wonder if it’s safe, effective, or the right choice for their family. When used appropriately, ADHD medication can be life-changing for some children. However, before making a decision, you should feel fully informed about any potential risks or side effects. 

Our team has carefully researched the information in this article, drawing only from high-quality studies and our expert clinical insight. Here, you’ll learn:

• The most common ADHD medications for children and teenagers 
• Potential side effects and how to manage them
• Whether too many young people are taking ADHD medication
• Alternatives to medication, including therapy and lifestyle changes
• How to make an informed decision that fits your child’s needs

What is the most common ADHD medication for kids and teens?

Methylphenidate is the most commonly used ADHD medication for kids and adolescents in the UK and worldwide. It’s a stimulant medication, which means it works by increasing activity in brain areas that influence a child’s attention and behaviour.  You might recognise it by some of its brand names, such as Ritalin, Concerta, Medikinet XL, Equasym XL, Delmosart, or Xaggatin. 

In the UK, clinicians follow the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines when treating ADHD in children. These guidelines recommend methylphenidate as the first-choice medication. However, ADHD medication is only prescribed after other approaches, like psychological education and behavioural interventions, have not adequately improved a child’s symptoms. This ensures that medication is part of a comprehensive, well-rounded treatment plan tailored to the child’s needs.

What are the other ADHD medications for kids and teens?

If your child hasn’t experienced an improvement from methylphenidate after at least six weeks, other medications may be considered like:

Lisdexamfetamine

A stimulant that helps improve focus, attention, and reduces impulsive behaviour. NICE guidelines state it should be offered as a second-line treatment if methylphenidate is not effective.

Atomoxetine

A non-stimulant that increases a brain chemical called noradrenaline to aid concentration and control impulses. It’s often used if stimulants aren’t suitable but requires monitoring for rare side effects like liver issues or suicidal thoughts.

Guanfacine

A non-stimulant that calms brain activity, helping with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and sleep problems. It’s sometimes used alone or with other treatments.

Is ADHD medication safe for children?

ADHD medications are generally safe for children over five years old, both in the short and long term. Many research studies published in respected medical journals support the safety of these medications (The Lancet, 2019 and Frontiers in Psychopharmacology, 2023). Methylphenidate is considered the safest and most effective ADHD medication for children, with fewer side effects compared to others. Some other medications, like amphetamines, may work slightly better for ADHD symptoms but are more likely to cause side effects. 

It’s important to note that while these medications are generally considered safe, rare but serious side effects can occur. For example, a recent review of ADHD medications suggested they were linked to very rare cases of heart problems and psychosis. That’s why it’s important for children taking these medications to have regular check-ups with a specialist to monitor their physical and mental health.

When weighing the risks versus the benefits of any medication, it’s also important to consider the positive effects. People with ADHD face an increased risk of substance misuse and mental health challenges. Research suggests that taking ADHD medication can help decrease these risks. For example, a 2025 study in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that children and teens taking ADHD stimulant medications were less likely to experience depression than those who weren’t taking them. For adults with ADHD, medications may even lower the risk of early death from unnatural causes, such as accidents.

Diagnosing ADHD early on is crucial. Early treatment and support can prevent a lot of confusion and hardship later on. - Dr Tarik Dahoun, Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist

At the London Psychiatry Clinic, our ADHD specialists help families decide if medication is right for their child. We explain how it works, its benefits, possible side effects, and risks, clearing up any misconceptions. If you choose to try medication, we start with a trial period and adjust as needed. Regular check-ups ensure your child’s health and well-being are always a priority.

Side effects of ADHD medication for children

The most common side effects are:

• Slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate
• Reduced appetite, potentially causing weight loss or slower weight gain
• Difficulty sleeping
• Headaches
• Stomach aches
• Changes in mood, such as irritability, aggression, anxiety, tension, or feelings of depression

What are the most common side effects of ADHD medication?

Appetite Loss

Many kids don’t feel hungry while the medication is active, but once it wears off, they may suddenly feel ravenous. If they haven’t eaten much during the day, this can lead to irritability or moodiness. A good strategy is to plan meals and snacks around the medication’s schedule. This is manageable, and it’s important to discuss with your specialist to adjust meal or medication timing.

Sleep Problems

Some children may struggle to fall asleep, especially if they already have sleep issues. Stress, worries, or too much screen time before bed can make it worse. Sometimes, adjusting the timing or type of medication can help, like avoiding doses too close to bedtime. These issues often improve as your child gets used to the medication.

Side effects of coming off ADHD medication

Some children may show mild behavioural changes as their ADHD medication wears off, often at the end of the school day. They might seem irritable or emotional, which some parents refer to as “rebound,” though this term can be misleading. These changes are usually minor and could simply be due to hunger from missing meals. Strategies like giving a small dose shortly before the main dose wears off can help create a smoother transition.

Is methylphenidate safe long term​?

Yes, methylphenidate is generally safe for long-term use in children when monitored properly. A study in The Lancet Psychiatry followed 1,410 children over two years. The researchers found no evidence that methylphenidate was associated with negative effects on children’s growth and development. Nor was it associated with psychiatric or neurological issues. While it can cause small increases in heart rate and blood pressure, these changes are minor and can be managed with regular check-ups.

Another recent study found that rare side effects, like muscle twitches, heart problems, and high blood pressure, might be linked to taking methylphenidate, but it is not clear whether methylphenidate directly causes these side effects. Regular monitoring helps ensure your child stays safe while taking this medication.

Are too many kids taking ADHD medication?

It might seem like lots of kids and teens are taking ADHD medication, but the reality is more complicated. Research shows that many children with ADHD aren’t actually getting the help they need. In fact, many kids with ADHD don’t receive any treatment, like therapy, school support, or medication, even when they need it.

A JAMA Network study in 2023 of over 11,000 kids found that only about 1 in 4 children with ADHD had ever been to a mental health clinic or received treatment. Even fewer were taking ADHD medication—just 16% of boys and only 7% of girls. So, the idea that most kids with ADHD are on medication isn’t accurate.

Rather than too many young people being on ADHD medication, the bigger issue is that many children with ADHD aren’t getting any treatment at all.

Our approach to ADHD medication for children and teens

We understand that considering medication can be overwhelming. Some families prefer therapy or lifestyle changes, and that’s perfectly okay. But for some children, the right medication at the right dose can significantly improve their quality of life. Whatever your choice, we’re here to guide you through the decision-making process.

At the London Psychiatry Clinic, we take a holistic and evidence-based approach to treating ADHD in children. Our treatment plans follow the NICE guidelines. Here’s how we structure treatment:

• Psychoeducation: Helping families understand ADHD and its impact, focusing on strengths and strategies to manage symptoms.
• Parenting Interventions: Providing tools and techniques to support positive behaviour and emotional regulation.
• Environmental or Lifestyle Changes: Adjusting home or school settings to create a supportive environment. Or we might focus on improving your child’s nutrition, sleep, or daily routine.
• Medication: We only consider medication if the above steps don’t lead to significant improvement. We recommend combining medication with therapy or other approaches for the best results. Our goal is to always minimise side effects and use the lowest effective dose for the shortest amount of time. We routinely review your child’s progress and the medication’s impact on their health and well-being. 

“Before any medication is considered, I'll provide thorough information about its benefits, how it works, potential side effects, and risks. This early step clears up any misconceptions and helps you make an informed decision.” Dr Tarik Dahoun, Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist

Alternative Treatments for ADHD in Children

Managing ADHD is about more than addressing symptoms. At the London Psychiatry Clinic, we help your child thrive in all areas of life, including self-esteem, friendships, academics, family relationships, and overall well-being.

Other evidence-based treatments we offer to help children with ADHD plan include:

• Psychoeducation: Helping your family understand ADHD and how it affects your child.
• Talking Therapy: Supporting emotional and social development through approaches like Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy or Family Therapy.
• Parenting Strategies: Practical techniques to support positive behaviour and emotional regulation.
• Diet and Nutrition: Guidance on balanced nutrition to support brain health and overall well-being. 
• Physical Activity: Encouraging regular exercise, which can help reduce hyperactivity and improve mood.
• Hobbies and Interests: Finding enjoyable activities to boost confidence and encourage positive social interactions with like-minded peers.
• Sleep Routine: Developing strategies for better sleep, tailored to your child’s needs, as healthy sleep is vital for focus and mood.

My goal is to provide clarity. I’m here to help you understand when medication might be beneficial or when other treatment options are more suitable. – Dr Hayley Ponsford, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist

Children's ADHD Therapy

For many children and teens with ADHD, the most effective treatment combines medication with talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or family therapy. These therapies can help children better understand and manage their emotions, develop social skills, and improve their ability to cope with challenges related to ADHD.

We have a dedicated team of experienced Child Psychologists and Therapists specialising in ADHD. They work closely with your child and family to create a tailored therapy plan that meets your unique needs. Therapy can take place in person, or we offer online therapy sessions from the comfort of your own home.

We are also happy to provide referrals to trusted therapists in the community. Our goal is to ensure your child receives the best care possible, whether through our team or external support.

ADHD Assessments For Children & Teens

When assessing ADHD, we focus on understanding your child as a whole. Our specialists will take the time to understand your child’s symptoms, strengths, and unique challenges. This includes a detailed conversation with you to explore your concerns and gain insights into your child’s experiences. After the assessment, we provide a comprehensive report and go through the findings with you, ensuring you fully understand the results and the next steps.

To learn more about our assessment process, please visit our dedicated ADHD Assessments for Children page.

Getting a clear diagnosis can be a huge relief, especially for families who have waited a long time for answers. By working closely with families and schools, we develop strategies that make a real difference in a child’s daily life and future prospects. – Dr Kenneth Lee, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist

Conclusion

Deciding whether ADHD medication is right for your child can feel overwhelming. Understanding your options and speaking to a qualified professional makes the process easier and ensures you are fully informed. Here is what we covered in our article today:

• Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed ADHD medication and is generally very safe for children over 5 years when monitored.
• Alternative treatments like therapy, lifestyle changes, and parenting strategies can also be effective.
• A tailored, holistic approach ensures your child gets the support they need to thrive.

If you’re considering ADHD medication or exploring other treatment options for your child, our specialists are here to help. Speak with us today.

If you think you may have ADHD too, we also offer a free ADHD test for adults which only takes 3 minutes. If you score high on the test, scientific research indicates there is a significant likelihood you have ADHD. While a high score isn't the same as a diagnosis, it does mean seeing a specialist for an ADHD assessment could be a good next step.